:root{--font-display:"Iowan Old Style", "Palatino Linotype", Palatino, "Book Antiqua", Georgia, "Songti SC", STSong, "Source Han Serif SC", "Noto Serif CJK SC", serif;--font-body:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "Noto Sans CJK SC", sans-serif;--font-mono:ui-monospace, "SF Mono", "Cascadia Mono", Menlo, Consolas, monospace;--text-xs:.8125rem;--text-sm:.9375rem;--text-base:1.0625rem;--text-md:1.125rem;--text-lg:clamp(1.125rem, 1.6vw, 1.25rem);--text-xl:clamp(1.25rem, 2vw, 1.4375rem);--text-2xl:clamp(1.5rem, 2.8vw, 1.9375rem);--text-3xl:clamp(1.625rem, 3.2vw, 2.25rem);--text-4xl:clamp(1.75rem, 3.6vw, 2.625rem);--page:1120px;--measure:40rem;--gutter:clamp(1.25rem, 5vw, 3rem);--bg:#fff;--bg-soft:#f5f5f5;--ink:#111;--ink-soft:#4a4a4a;--ink-faint:#8a8a8a;--rule:#e3e3e3;--accent:#000;--selection:#e6e6e6;color-scheme:light}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){:root:not([data-theme=light]){--bg:#0d0d0d;--bg-soft:#1a1a1a;--ink:#ededed;--ink-soft:#a8a8a8;--ink-faint:#757575;--rule:#2b2b2b;--accent:#fff;--selection:#333;color-scheme:dark}}:root[data-theme=dark]{--bg:#0d0d0d;--bg-soft:#1a1a1a;--ink:#ededed;--ink-soft:#a8a8a8;--ink-faint:#757575;--rule:#2b2b2b;--accent:#fff;--selection:#333;color-scheme:dark}*,:before,:after{box-sizing:border-box}html{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:no-preference){html{scroll-behavior:smooth}}body{background:var(--bg);color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--font-body);font-size:var(--text-base);-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;text-rendering:optimizelegibility;flex-direction:column;min-height:100dvh;margin:0;line-height:1.75;display:flex}::selection{background:var(--selection)}img,video{max-width:100%;height:auto;display:block}a{color:inherit;text-decoration-color:var(--rule);text-underline-offset:.2em;text-decoration-thickness:1px;transition:color .15s,text-decoration-color .15s}a:hover{color:var(--accent);text-decoration-color:currentColor}:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:3px;border-radius:2px}.sr-only{clip-path:inset(50%);white-space:nowrap;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;position:absolute;overflow:hidden}.icon{vertical-align:-.1em;stroke:currentColor;fill:none;stroke-width:1.75px;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;flex:none}.cat{background-color:currentColor;flex:none;display:inline-block;mask:url(/cat.png) 50%/contain no-repeat}.cat--mark{aspect-ratio:128/114;height:1.7rem;mask-image:url(/cat-mark.png)}.cat--lost{aspect-ratio:412/368;width:clamp(9rem,30vw,11.5rem);margin-inline:auto;display:block}@supports not (mask-image:url('/cat.png')){.cat{display:none}}.wrap{width:100%;max-width:var(--page);padding-inline:var(--gutter);margin-inline:auto}main{flex:1}.kicker{font-family:var(--font-body);font-size:var(--text-xs);letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink-soft);font-weight:600}.kicker--muted{color:var(--ink-faint);font-weight:500}.site-header{border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule)}.site-header__inner{flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:1.5rem;padding-block:1.5rem 1.25rem;display:flex}.site-title{font-family:var(--font-display);font-size:var(--text-md);letter-spacing:.01em;margin:0;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none}.site-title:hover{color:var(--accent)}.site-nav{align-items:center;gap:clamp(1rem,3vw,1.75rem);display:flex}.site-nav a{font-size:var(--text-xs);letter-spacing:.06em;color:var(--ink-soft);font-weight:500;text-decoration:none}.site-nav a:hover{color:var(--accent)}.site-nav a[aria-current=page]{color:var(--ink);text-underline-offset:.4em;text-decoration:underline}.theme-toggle{border:1px solid var(--rule);width:1.875rem;height:1.875rem;color:var(--ink-soft);cursor:pointer;background:0 0;border-radius:50%;place-items:center;padding:0;transition:color .15s,border-color .15s;display:grid}.theme-toggle:hover{color:var(--accent);border-color:var(--ink-faint)}.site-footer{border-top:1px solid var(--rule);font-size:var(--text-xs);color:var(--ink-faint);margin-top:5rem}.site-footer__inner{flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;gap:1rem;padding-block:1.75rem 2.5rem;display:flex}.site-footer__sign{align-items:center;gap:.55rem;display:inline-flex}.hero{border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);padding-block:clamp(2.75rem,7vw,4.5rem) clamp(2.25rem,5vw,3.5rem)}.hero__meta{align-items:center;gap:.75rem;margin-bottom:1rem;display:flex}.hero__date{font-size:var(--text-xs);letter-spacing:.06em;color:var(--ink-faint);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.hero__title{font-family:var(--font-display);font-size:var(--text-4xl);letter-spacing:-.005em;text-wrap:balance;max-width:26ch;margin:0;font-weight:600;line-height:1.2}.hero__title a{text-decoration:none}.hero__rule{background:var(--ink);border:0;width:2.5rem;height:2px;margin:1.5rem 0 1.25rem}.hero__desc{max-width:34rem;font-size:var(--text-md);color:var(--ink-soft);margin:0 0 1.5rem}.hero__more{font-size:var(--text-xs);letter-spacing:.06em;color:var(--ink);text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:var(--rule);text-underline-offset:.35em;align-items:center;gap:.4rem;font-weight:600;display:inline-flex}.hero__more .icon{transition:transform .2s}.hero__more:hover .icon{transform:translate(3px)}.list-section{padding-block:2.25rem 1rem}.list-section__head{margin-bottom:.5rem}.post-list{border-top:1px solid var(--rule);margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}.post-row{border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule)}.post-row a{grid-template-columns:4.25rem 1fr auto;align-items:baseline;gap:0 1.25rem;margin-inline:-.75rem;padding:1.125rem .75rem;text-decoration:none;transition:background .15s;display:grid}.post-row a:hover{background:var(--bg-soft)}.post-row__date{font-size:var(--text-xs);color:var(--ink-faint);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;letter-spacing:.02em}.post-row__title{font-family:var(--font-display);font-size:var(--text-base);letter-spacing:.005em;color:var(--ink);margin:0;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5}.post-row__tags{font-size:var(--text-xs);color:var(--ink-faint);letter-spacing:.04em;grid-column:2;margin-top:.15rem}.post-row__arrow{color:var(--rule);align-self:center;align-items:center;transition:transform .2s,color .15s;display:flex}.post-row a:hover .post-row__arrow{color:var(--ink);transform:translate(3px)}@media (width<=34rem){.post-row a{grid-template-columns:1fr auto}.post-row__date{grid-column:1/-1;margin-bottom:.2rem}.post-row__tags{grid-column:1}}.back-link{font-size:var(--text-xs);letter-spacing:.04em;color:var(--ink-faint);align-items:center;gap:.4rem;margin-top:2rem;text-decoration:none;display:inline-flex}.back-link:hover{color:var(--accent)}.back-link .icon{transition:transform .2s}.back-link:hover .icon{transform:translate(-3px)}.article{max-width:var(--measure);margin-inline:auto}.article__header{border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);margin-bottom:2.5rem;padding-block:2.25rem 1.75rem}.article__title{font-family:var(--font-display);font-size:var(--text-3xl);letter-spacing:-.005em;text-wrap:balance;margin:.6rem 0 0;font-weight:600;line-height:1.25}.article__meta{font-size:var(--text-xs);color:var(--ink-faint);letter-spacing:.03em;margin-top:1rem}.article__meta>*+:before{content:" · ";color:var(--rule)}.prose>:first-child{margin-top:0}.prose p{margin-block:0 1.5em}.prose h2,.prose h3,.prose h4{font-family:var(--font-display);letter-spacing:.005em;scroll-margin-top:2rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1.4}.prose h2{font-size:var(--text-xl);border-top:1px solid var(--rule);margin-block:2.5em .7em;padding-top:.75rem}.prose h3{font-size:var(--text-lg);margin-block:1.9em .55em}.prose h4{font-size:var(--text-base);margin-block:1.7em .45em}.prose ul,.prose ol{margin-block:0 1.5em;padding-left:1.5em}.prose li{margin-block:.4em}.prose li::marker{color:var(--ink-faint)}.prose blockquote{border-left:2px solid var(--ink-faint);font-family:var(--font-display);font-size:var(--text-base);color:var(--ink-soft);margin:2em 0;padding-left:1.5rem;font-style:italic}.prose blockquote p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.prose strong{font-weight:650}.prose :not(pre)>code{font-family:var(--font-mono);background:var(--bg-soft);word-break:break-word;border-radius:3px;padding:.15em .4em;font-size:.875em}.prose pre{border:1px solid var(--rule);font-size:var(--text-sm);tab-size:2;border-radius:4px;margin-block:1.75em;padding:1.25rem;line-height:1.65;overflow-x:auto}:root[data-theme=dark] .astro-code,:root[data-theme=dark] .astro-code span{color:var(--shiki-dark)!important;background-color:var(--shiki-dark-bg)!important}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){:root:not([data-theme=light]) .astro-code,:root:not([data-theme=light]) .astro-code span{color:var(--shiki-dark)!important;background-color:var(--shiki-dark-bg)!important}}.prose img{border:1px solid var(--rule);cursor:zoom-in;border-radius:4px;margin-block:2em}.prose mark{background:var(--bg-soft);color:var(--ink);box-shadow:inset 0 -2px 0 var(--ink-faint);border-radius:2px;padding:.1em .25em}.wikilink-missing{color:var(--ink-faint);text-underline-offset:.2em;cursor:help;font-style:normal;text-decoration:underline 1px dashed}.prose figure{margin:2em 0}.prose figcaption{font-size:var(--text-xs);color:var(--ink-faint);text-align:center;margin-top:.75rem}.prose hr{text-align:center;border:0;margin:3em auto}.prose hr:before{content:"· · ·";letter-spacing:.5em;color:var(--ink-faint)}.prose table{border-collapse:collapse;width:fit-content;max-width:100%;font-size:var(--text-sm);margin-block:2em;display:block;overflow-x:auto}.prose th,.prose td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);text-align:left;padding:.6rem .75rem}.prose th{font-size:var(--text-xs);letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink-faint);border-bottom-width:2px}.katex{font-size:1.08em}.prose .katex-display{margin-block:1.75em;padding-block:.5em;overflow:auto hidden}.prose :not(.katex-display)>.katex{margin-inline:.1em}.prose :not(.katex-display)>.katex:has(.mtable){vertical-align:middle;max-width:100%;display:inline-block;overflow:auto hidden}.callout{background:var(--bg-soft);border-left:2px solid var(--ink);font-size:var(--text-base);border-radius:0 4px 4px 0;margin-block:2em;padding:1.125rem 1.25rem}.callout>:first-child{margin-top:0}.callout>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.callout__title{font-family:var(--font-body);font-size:var(--text-xs);letter-spacing:.08em;color:var(--ink);align-items:center;gap:.5rem;margin:0 0 .6em;font-weight:700;display:flex}.callout__title:before{content:"";width:1.15em;height:1.15em;mask:var(--callout-icon) center / contain no-repeat;background-color:currentColor;flex:none}.callout--note{--callout-icon:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"black\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M12 20h9\"/><path d=\"M16.5 3.5a2.12 2.12 0 0 1 3 3L7 19l-4 1 1-4Z\"/></svg>")}.callout--info{--callout-icon:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"black\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"/><path d=\"M12 16v-4\"/><path d=\"M12 8h.01\"/></svg>")}.callout--tip{--callout-icon:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"black\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M15 14c.2-1 .7-1.7 1.5-2.5 1-.9 1.5-2.2 1.5-3.5A6 6 0 0 0 6 8c0 1 .2 2.2 1.5 3.5A4.6 4.6 0 0 1 9 14\"/><path d=\"M9 18h6\"/><path d=\"M10 22h4\"/></svg>")}.callout--success{--callout-icon:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"black\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M21.8 10A10 10 0 1 1 17 3.34\"/><path d=\"m9 11 3 3L22 4\"/></svg>")}.callout--question{--callout-icon:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"black\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"/><path d=\"M9.1 9a3 3 0 0 1 5.8 1c0 2-3 3-3 3\"/><path d=\"M12 17h.01\"/></svg>")}.callout--warning{--callout-icon:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"black\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"m21.7 18-8-14a2 2 0 0 0-3.4 0l-8 14A2 2 0 0 0 4 21h16a2 2 0 0 0 1.7-3\"/><path d=\"M12 9v4\"/><path d=\"M12 17h.01\"/></svg>")}.callout--danger{--callout-icon:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"black\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"/><path d=\"m15 9-6 6\"/><path d=\"m9 9 6 6\"/></svg>")}.callout--quote{--callout-icon:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"black\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M16 3a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v6a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h1c0 2.5-.5 4-2 5\"/><path d=\"M6 3a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v6a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h1c0 2.5-.5 4-2 5\"/></svg>")}.callout--example{--callout-icon:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"black\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M8 6h13\"/><path d=\"M8 12h13\"/><path d=\"M8 18h13\"/><path d=\"M3 6h.01\"/><path d=\"M3 12h.01\"/><path d=\"M3 18h.01\"/></svg>")}.callout--abstract{--callout-icon:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"black\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M16 4h2a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v14a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H6a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V6a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h2\"/><rect x=\"8\" y=\"2\" width=\"8\" height=\"4\" rx=\"1\"/><path d=\"M12 11h4\"/><path d=\"M12 16h4\"/><path d=\"M8 11h.01\"/><path d=\"M8 16h.01\"/></svg>")}.callout--todo{--callout-icon:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"black\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M21 12v7a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h11\"/><path d=\"m9 11 3 3L22 4\"/></svg>")}details.callout>summary{cursor:pointer;list-style:none}details.callout>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}details.callout>summary:after{content:"";background-color:currentColor;width:.9em;height:.9em;margin-left:auto;transition:transform .2s;mask:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"black\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"m6 9 6 6 6-6\"/></svg>") 50%/contain no-repeat}details.callout[open]>summary:after{transform:rotate(180deg)}details.callout:not([open])>summary{margin-bottom:0}.lightbox{background:0 0;border:0;width:100%;max-width:100vw;height:100%;max-height:100dvh;padding:0}.lightbox[open]{place-content:center;gap:1rem;display:grid}.lightbox::backdrop{background:#000000e0}.lightbox__img{object-fit:contain;cursor:zoom-out;border-radius:3px;max-width:min(94vw,1600px);max-height:84dvh;margin-inline:auto}.lightbox__caption{text-align:center;max-width:min(94vw,44rem);font-size:var(--text-xs);color:#b0b0b0;margin:0 auto;line-height:1.7}.lightbox__caption[hidden]{display:none}.lightbox__close{color:#e0e0e0;cursor:pointer;background:0 0;border:1px solid #ffffff40;border-radius:50%;place-items:center;width:2.5rem;height:2.5rem;padding:0;transition:color .15s,border-color .15s;display:grid;position:fixed;top:1rem;right:1rem}.lightbox__close:hover{color:#fff;border-color:#fff9}.poem{border-top:1px solid var(--rule);text-align:center;font-family:var(--font-display);margin-top:4rem;padding-top:2.25rem}.poem__ornament{color:var(--ink-faint);fill:currentColor;stroke:none;margin:0 auto 1.5rem;display:block}.poem__title{font-size:var(--text-xs);letter-spacing:.16em;color:var(--ink-faint);text-indent:.16em;margin:0 0 1rem;font-weight:500}.poem__body{font-size:var(--text-base);letter-spacing:.08em;color:var(--ink-soft);text-indent:.08em;margin:0;line-height:2.1}.poem__line{display:block}.poem__author{font-size:var(--text-xs);letter-spacing:.12em;color:var(--ink-faint);text-indent:.12em;margin-top:1.25rem;font-style:normal;display:block}.article__footer{border-top:1px solid var(--rule);margin-top:3.5rem;padding-top:1.5rem}.post-nav{grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(14rem,1fr));gap:1.5rem;display:grid}.post-nav a{text-decoration:none}.post-nav__label{font-size:var(--text-xs);letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink-faint);align-items:center;gap:.35rem;margin-bottom:.4rem;display:inline-flex}.post-nav__title{font-family:var(--font-display);font-size:var(--text-base);font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;display:block}.post-nav a:hover .post-nav__title{color:var(--accent)}.post-nav__item--next{text-align:right}.post-nav__item--next .post-nav__label{flex-direction:row-reverse}@media (width<=34rem){.post-nav__item--next{text-align:left}.post-nav__item--next .post-nav__label{flex-direction:row}}.page{max-width:var(--measure);margin-inline:auto;padding-block:2.75rem 0}.page__title{font-family:var(--font-display);font-size:var(--text-2xl);letter-spacing:-.005em;margin:.5rem 0 2rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1.25}.page__title:has(+.page__lead){margin-bottom:1rem}.page__lead{max-width:34rem;font-size:var(--text-md);color:var(--ink-soft);margin:0}.empty{color:var(--ink-faint);text-align:center;padding-block:4rem}.error{text-align:center;padding-block:3rem 0}.error .cat{color:var(--ink-faint);margin-bottom:1.5rem}.error .page__title{margin-bottom:1rem}.error .prose{color:var(--ink-soft)}.error .back-link{margin-top:2.5rem}.series-badge{border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:3px;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:baseline;gap:.3rem .7rem;padding:.4rem .75rem;text-decoration:none;transition:border-color .15s;display:inline-flex}.series-badge:hover{border-color:var(--ink-faint);color:inherit}.series-badge__label{font-size:var(--text-xs);letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink-faint);font-weight:600}.series-badge__name{font-family:var(--font-display);font-size:var(--text-base);font-weight:600}.series-badge:hover .series-badge__name{text-underline-offset:.2em;text-decoration:underline}.series-badge__pos{font-size:var(--text-xs);color:var(--ink-faint);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.series-strip{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.6rem;margin:.75rem 0 0;padding:0;list-style:none;display:flex}.series-strip__item{border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:3px;align-items:center;gap:.6rem;padding:.55rem .9rem;text-decoration:none;transition:border-color .15s,background .15s;display:inline-flex}.series-strip__item:hover{border-color:var(--ink-faint);background:var(--bg-soft);color:inherit}.series-strip__title{font-family:var(--font-display);font-size:var(--text-base);font-weight:600}.series-strip__count{font-size:var(--text-xs);color:var(--ink-faint);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.series-strip__arrow{color:var(--rule);transition:color .15s,transform .2s}.series-strip__item:hover .series-strip__arrow{color:var(--ink);transform:translate(3px)}.series-list{margin:2.5rem 0 0;padding:0;list-style:none}.series-card{border-top:1px solid var(--rule);padding-block:1.75rem}.series-card:last-child{border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule)}.series-card__link{justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:1rem;text-decoration:none;display:flex}.series-card__title{font-family:var(--font-display);font-size:var(--text-xl);letter-spacing:.005em;margin:0;font-weight:600}.series-card__link:hover .series-card__title{color:var(--accent)}.series-card__arrow{color:var(--rule);transition:color .15s,transform .2s}.series-card__link:hover .series-card__arrow{color:var(--ink);transform:translate(3px)}.series-card__desc{max-width:38rem;color:var(--ink-soft);margin:.7rem 0 0}.series-card__meta{font-size:var(--text-xs);color:var(--ink-faint);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;margin:.7rem 0 0}.toc{margin:2.25rem 0 0;padding:0;list-style:none}.toc__row{border-radius:3px;align-items:baseline;gap:.9rem;margin-inline:-.5rem;padding:.65rem .5rem;text-decoration:none;display:flex}.toc__num{width:1.5rem;font-size:var(--text-xs);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;letter-spacing:.05em;color:var(--ink-faint);flex:none;transition:color .15s}.toc__title{font-family:var(--font-display);font-size:var(--text-base);color:var(--ink);text-underline-offset:.2em;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;text-decoration:underline 1px #0000;transition:text-decoration-color .15s}.toc__leader{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--rule);flex:1;min-width:1.5rem;transition:border-color .15s}.toc__date{font-size:var(--text-xs);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;color:var(--ink-faint);flex:none}.toc__row:hover .toc__num{color:var(--ink)}.toc__row:hover .toc__title{text-decoration-color:currentColor}.toc__row:hover .toc__leader{border-bottom-color:var(--ink-faint)}@media (width<=34rem){.toc__leader,.toc__date{display:none}}.series-footer__head{flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:1rem;margin-bottom:1.75rem;display:flex}.series-footer__all{font-family:var(--font-display);font-size:var(--text-base);align-items:center;gap:.35rem;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;display:inline-flex}.series-footer__all .icon{transition:transform .2s}.series-footer__all:hover .icon{transform:translate(3px)}.tag-list{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.5rem;margin:1.25rem 0 0;padding:0;list-style:none;display:flex}.tag{border:1px solid var(--rule);font-size:var(--text-xs);letter-spacing:.03em;color:var(--ink-soft);border-radius:999px;align-items:center;gap:.4rem;padding:.28rem .65rem;text-decoration:none;transition:color .15s,border-color .15s;display:inline-flex}.tag:hover{color:var(--ink);border-color:var(--ink-faint)}.tag__count{color:var(--ink-faint);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;font-size:.9em}.article__header .tag-list{margin-top:1rem}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_AMS;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_AMS-Regular.BQhdFMY1.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_AMS-Regular.DMm9YOAa.woff)format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_AMS-Regular.DRggAlZN.ttf)format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Caligraphic;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Caligraphic-Bold.Dq_IR9rO.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Caligraphic-Bold.BEiXGLvX.woff)format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Caligraphic-Bold.ATXxdsX0.ttf)format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Caligraphic;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Caligraphic-Regular.Di6jR-x-.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Caligraphic-Regular.CTRA-rTL.woff)format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Caligraphic-Regular.wX97UBjC.ttf)format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Fraktur;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Fraktur-Bold.CL6g_b3V.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Fraktur-Bold.BsDP51OF.woff)format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Fraktur-Bold.BdnERNNW.ttf)format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Fraktur;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Fraktur-Regular.CTYiF6lA.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Fraktur-Regular.Dxdc4cR9.woff)format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Fraktur-Regular.CB_wures.ttf)format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Main;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Main-Bold.Cx986IdX.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Main-Bold.Jm3AIy58.woff)format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Main-Bold.waoOVXN0.ttf)format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Main;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Main-BoldItalic.DxDJ3AOS.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Main-BoldItalic.SpSLRI95.woff)format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Main-BoldItalic.DzxPMmG6.ttf)format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Main;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Main-Italic.NWA7e6Wa.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Main-Italic.BMLOBm91.woff)format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Main-Italic.3WenGoN9.ttf)format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Main;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Main-Regular.B22Nviop.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Main-Regular.Dr94JaBh.woff)format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Main-Regular.ypZvNtVU.ttf)format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Math;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Math-BoldItalic.CZnvNsCZ.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Math-BoldItalic.iY-2wyZ7.woff)format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Math-BoldItalic.B3XSjfu4.ttf)format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Math;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Math-Italic.t53AETM-.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Math-Italic.DA0__PXp.woff)format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Math-Italic.flOr_0UB.ttf)format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_SansSerif;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_SansSerif-Bold.D1sUS0GD.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_SansSerif-Bold.DbIhKOiC.woff)format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_SansSerif-Bold.CFMepnvq.ttf)format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_SansSerif;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_SansSerif-Italic.C3H0VqGB.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_SansSerif-Italic.DN2j7dab.woff)format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_SansSerif-Italic.YYjJ1zSn.ttf)format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_SansSerif;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_SansSerif-Regular.DDBCnlJ7.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_SansSerif-Regular.CS6fqUqJ.woff)format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_SansSerif-Regular.BNo7hRIc.ttf)format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Script;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Script-Regular.D3wIWfF6.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Script-Regular.D5yQViql.woff)format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Script-Regular.C5JkGWo-.ttf)format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Size1;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Size1-Regular.mCD8mA8B.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Size1-Regular.C195tn64.woff)format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Size1-Regular.Dbsnue_I.ttf)format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Size2;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Size2-Regular.Dy4dx90m.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Size2-Regular.oD1tc_U0.woff)format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Size2-Regular.B7gKUWhC.ttf)format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Size3;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(data:font/woff2;base64,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)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Size3-Regular.CTq5MqoE.woff)format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Size3-Regular.DgpXs0kz.ttf)format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Size4;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Size4-Regular.Dl5lxZxV.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Size4-Regular.BF-4gkZK.woff)format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Size4-Regular.DWFBv043.ttf)format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Typewriter;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Typewriter-Regular.CO6r4hn1.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Typewriter-Regular.C0xS9mPB.woff)format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Typewriter-Regular.D3Ib7_Hf.ttf)format("truetype")}.katex{text-indent:0;text-rendering:auto;font:1.21em/1.2 KaTeX_Main,Times New Roman,serif;position:relative}.katex *{border-color:currentColor;-ms-high-contrast-adjust:none!important}.katex .katex-version:after{content:"0.18.1"}.katex .katex-mathml{clip-path:inset(50%);border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;position:absolute;overflow:hidden}.katex .katex-html>.katex-newline{display:block}.katex .katex-base{white-space:nowrap;width:min-content;position:relative}.katex .katex-base,.katex .katex-strut{display:inline-block}.katex .textbf{font-weight:700}.katex .textit{font-style:italic}.katex .textrm{font-family:KaTeX_Main}.katex .textsf{font-family:KaTeX_SansSerif}.katex .texttt{font-family:KaTeX_Typewriter}.katex .mathnormal{font-family:KaTeX_Math;font-style:italic}.katex .mathit{font-family:KaTeX_Main;font-style:italic}.katex .mathrm{font-style:normal}.katex .mathbf{font-family:KaTeX_Main;font-weight:700}.katex .boldsymbol{font-family:KaTeX_Math;font-style:italic;font-weight:700}.katex .amsrm,.katex .mathbb,.katex .textbb{font-family:KaTeX_AMS}.katex .mathcal{font-family:KaTeX_Caligraphic}.katex .mathfrak,.katex .textfrak{font-family:KaTeX_Fraktur}.katex .mathboldfrak,.katex .textboldfrak{font-family:KaTeX_Fraktur;font-weight:700}.katex .mathtt{font-family:KaTeX_Typewriter}.katex .mathscr,.katex .textscr{font-family:KaTeX_Script}.katex .mathsf,.katex .textsf{font-family:KaTeX_SansSerif}.katex .mathboldsf,.katex .textboldsf{font-family:KaTeX_SansSerif;font-weight:700}.katex .mathitsf,.katex .mathsfit,.katex .textitsf{font-family:KaTeX_SansSerif;font-style:italic}.katex .mainrm{font-family:KaTeX_Main;font-style:normal}.katex .vlist-t{border-collapse:collapse;table-layout:fixed;display:inline-table}.katex .vlist-r{display:table-row}.katex .vlist{vertical-align:bottom;display:table-cell;position:relative}.katex .vlist>span{height:0;display:block;position:relative}.katex .vlist>span>span{display:inline-block}.katex .vlist>span>.pstrut{width:0;overflow:hidden}.katex .vlist-t2{margin-right:-2px}.katex .vlist-s{vertical-align:bottom;width:2px;min-width:2px;font-size:1px;display:table-cell}.katex .katex-vbox{flex-direction:column;align-items:baseline;display:inline-flex}.katex .katex-thinbox{flex-direction:row;width:0;max-width:0;display:inline-flex}.katex .msupsub{text-align:left}.katex .mfrac>span>span{text-align:center}.katex .mfrac .frac-line{border-bottom-style:solid;width:100%;display:inline-block}.katex .katex-hdashline,.katex .katex-hline,.katex .katex-overline .overline-line,.katex .katex-rule,.katex .katex-underline .underline-line,.katex .mfrac .frac-line{min-height:1px}.katex .mspace{display:inline-block}.katex .katex-smash{line-height:0;display:inline}.katex .clap,.katex .llap,.katex .rlap{width:0;position:relative}.katex .clap>.katex-inner,.katex .llap>.katex-inner,.katex .rlap>.katex-inner{position:absolute}.katex .clap>.katex-fix,.katex .llap>.katex-fix,.katex .rlap>.katex-fix{display:inline-block}.katex .llap>.katex-inner{right:0}.katex .clap>.katex-inner,.katex .rlap>.katex-inner{left:0}.katex .clap>.katex-inner>span{margin-left:-50%;margin-right:50%}.katex .katex-rule{border:0 solid;display:inline-block;position:relative}.katex .katex-hline,.katex .katex-overline .overline-line,.katex .katex-underline .underline-line{border-bottom-style:solid;width:100%;display:inline-block}.katex .katex-hdashline{border-bottom-style:dashed;width:100%;display:inline-block}.katex .sqrt>.katex-root{margin-left:.277778em;margin-right:-.555556em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size1,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size1.size1{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size2,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size1.size2{font-size:1.2em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size3,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size1.size3{font-size:1.4em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size4,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size1.size4{font-size:1.6em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size5,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size1.size5{font-size:1.8em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size6,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size1.size6{font-size:2em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size7,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size1.size7{font-size:2.4em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size8,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size1.size8{font-size:2.88em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size9,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size1.size9{font-size:3.456em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size10,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size1.size10{font-size:4.148em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size11,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size1.size11{font-size:4.976em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size1,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size2.size1{font-size:.833333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size2,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size2.size2{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size3,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size2.size3{font-size:1.16667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size4,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size2.size4{font-size:1.33333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size5,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size2.size5{font-size:1.5em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size6,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size2.size6{font-size:1.66667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size7,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size2.size7{font-size:2em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size8,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size2.size8{font-size:2.4em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size9,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size2.size9{font-size:2.88em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size10,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size2.size10{font-size:3.45667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size11,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size2.size11{font-size:4.14667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size1,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size3.size1{font-size:.714286em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size2,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size3.size2{font-size:.857143em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size3,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size3.size3{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size4,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size3.size4{font-size:1.14286em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size5,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size3.size5{font-size:1.28571em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size6,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size3.size6{font-size:1.42857em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size7,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size3.size7{font-size:1.71429em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size8,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size3.size8{font-size:2.05714em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size9,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size3.size9{font-size:2.46857em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size10,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size3.size10{font-size:2.96286em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size11,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size3.size11{font-size:3.55429em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size1,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size4.size1{font-size:.625em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size2,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size4.size2{font-size:.75em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size3,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size4.size3{font-size:.875em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size4,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size4.size4{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size5,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size4.size5{font-size:1.125em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size6,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size4.size6{font-size:1.25em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size7,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size4.size7{font-size:1.5em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size8,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size4.size8{font-size:1.8em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size9,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size4.size9{font-size:2.16em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size10,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size4.size10{font-size:2.5925em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size11,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size4.size11{font-size:3.11em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size1,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size5.size1{font-size:.555556em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size2,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size5.size2{font-size:.666667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size3,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size5.size3{font-size:.777778em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size4,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size5.size4{font-size:.888889em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size5,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size5.size5{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size6,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size5.size6{font-size:1.11111em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size7,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size5.size7{font-size:1.33333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size8,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size5.size8{font-size:1.6em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size9,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size5.size9{font-size:1.92em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size10,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size5.size10{font-size:2.30444em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size11,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size5.size11{font-size:2.76444em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size1,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size6.size1{font-size:.5em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size2,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size6.size2{font-size:.6em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size3,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size6.size3{font-size:.7em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size4,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size6.size4{font-size:.8em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size5,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size6.size5{font-size:.9em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size6,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size6.size6{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size7,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size6.size7{font-size:1.2em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size8,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size6.size8{font-size:1.44em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size9,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size6.size9{font-size:1.728em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size10,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size6.size10{font-size:2.074em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size11,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size6.size11{font-size:2.488em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size1,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size7.size1{font-size:.416667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size2,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size7.size2{font-size:.5em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size3,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size7.size3{font-size:.583333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size4,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size7.size4{font-size:.666667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size5,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size7.size5{font-size:.75em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size6,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size7.size6{font-size:.833333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size7,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size7.size7{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size8,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size7.size8{font-size:1.2em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size9,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size7.size9{font-size:1.44em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size10,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size7.size10{font-size:1.72833em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size11,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size7.size11{font-size:2.07333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size1,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size8.size1{font-size:.347222em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size2,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size8.size2{font-size:.416667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size3,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size8.size3{font-size:.486111em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size4,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size8.size4{font-size:.555556em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size5,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size8.size5{font-size:.625em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size6,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size8.size6{font-size:.694444em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size7,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size8.size7{font-size:.833333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size8,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size8.size8{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size9,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size8.size9{font-size:1.2em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size10,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size8.size10{font-size:1.44028em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size11,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size8.size11{font-size:1.72778em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size1,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size9.size1{font-size:.289352em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size2,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size9.size2{font-size:.347222em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size3,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size9.size3{font-size:.405093em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size4,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size9.size4{font-size:.462963em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size5,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size9.size5{font-size:.520833em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size6,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size9.size6{font-size:.578704em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size7,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size9.size7{font-size:.694444em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size8,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size9.size8{font-size:.833333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size9,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size9.size9{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size10,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size9.size10{font-size:1.20023em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size11,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size9.size11{font-size:1.43981em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size1,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size10.size1{font-size:.24108em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size2,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size10.size2{font-size:.289296em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size3,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size10.size3{font-size:.337512em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size4,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size10.size4{font-size:.385728em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size5,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size10.size5{font-size:.433944em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size6,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size10.size6{font-size:.48216em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size7,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size10.size7{font-size:.578592em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size8,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size10.size8{font-size:.694311em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size9,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size10.size9{font-size:.833173em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size10,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size10.size10{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size11,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size10.size11{font-size:1.19961em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size1,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size11.size1{font-size:.200965em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size2,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size11.size2{font-size:.241158em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size3,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size11.size3{font-size:.281351em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size4,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size11.size4{font-size:.321543em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size5,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size11.size5{font-size:.361736em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size6,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size11.size6{font-size:.401929em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size7,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size11.size7{font-size:.482315em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size8,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size11.size8{font-size:.578778em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size9,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size11.size9{font-size:.694534em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size10,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size11.size10{font-size:.833601em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size11,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size11.size11{font-size:1em}.katex .delimsizing.size1{font-family:KaTeX_Size1}.katex .delimsizing.size2{font-family:KaTeX_Size2}.katex .delimsizing.size3{font-family:KaTeX_Size3}.katex .delimsizing.size4{font-family:KaTeX_Size4}.katex .delimsizing.mult .delim-size1>span{font-family:KaTeX_Size1}.katex .delimsizing.mult .delim-size4>span{font-family:KaTeX_Size4}.katex .nulldelimiter{width:.12em;display:inline-block}.katex .delimcenter,.katex .op-symbol{position:relative}.katex .op-symbol.small-op{font-family:KaTeX_Size1}.katex .op-symbol.large-op{font-family:KaTeX_Size2}.katex .katex-accent>.vlist-t,.katex .op-limits>.vlist-t{text-align:center}.katex .katex-accent .accent-body{position:relative}.katex .katex-accent .accent-body:not(.accent-full){width:0}.katex .katex-overlay{display:block}.katex .mtable .vertical-separator{min-width:1px;display:inline-block}.katex .mtable .arraycolsep{display:inline-block}.katex .mtable .col-align-c>.vlist-t{text-align:center}.katex .mtable .col-align-l>.vlist-t{text-align:left}.katex .mtable .col-align-r>.vlist-t{text-align:right}.katex .svg-align{text-align:left}.katex svg{fill:currentColor;stroke:currentColor;height:inherit;width:100%;display:block;position:absolute}.katex svg path{stroke:none}.katex svg{fill-rule:nonzero;fill-opacity:1;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0;stroke-opacity:1}.katex img{border-style:none;min-width:0;max-width:none;min-height:0;max-height:none}.katex .katex-stretchy{width:100%;display:block;position:relative;overflow:hidden}.katex .katex-stretchy:after,.katex .katex-stretchy:before{content:""}.katex .hide-tail{width:100%;position:relative;overflow:hidden}.katex .halfarrow-left{width:50.2%;position:absolute;left:0;overflow:hidden}.katex .halfarrow-right{width:50.2%;position:absolute;right:0;overflow:hidden}.katex .brace-left{width:25.1%;position:absolute;left:0;overflow:hidden}.katex .brace-center{width:50%;position:absolute;left:25%;overflow:hidden}.katex .brace-right{width:25.1%;position:absolute;right:0;overflow:hidden}.katex .x-arrow-pad{padding:0 .5em}.katex .cd-arrow-pad{padding:0 .55556em 0 .27778em}.katex .mover,.katex .munder,.katex .x-arrow{text-align:center}.katex .boxpad{padding:0 .3em}.katex .fbox,.katex .fcolorbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:.04em solid}.katex .cancel-pad{padding:0 .2em}.katex .cancel-lap{margin-left:-.2em;margin-right:-.2em}.katex .katex-sout{border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-width:.08em}.katex .angl{box-sizing:border-box;border-top:.049em solid;border-right:.049em solid;margin-right:.03889em}.katex .anglpad{padding:0 .03889em}.katex .eqn-num:before{content:"(" counter(katexEqnNo) ")";counter-increment:katexEqnNo}.katex .mml-eqn-num:before{content:"(" counter(mmlEqnNo) ")";counter-increment:mmlEqnNo}.katex .mtr-glue{width:50%}.katex .cd-vert-arrow{display:inline-block;position:relative}.katex .cd-label-left{text-align:left;display:inline-block;position:absolute;right:calc(50% + .3em)}.katex .cd-label-right{text-align:right;display:inline-block;position:absolute;left:calc(50% + .3em)}.katex-display{text-align:center;margin:1em 0;display:block}.katex-display>.katex{text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;display:block}.katex-display>.katex>.katex-html{display:block;position:relative}.katex-display>.katex>.katex-html>.katex-tag{position:absolute;right:0}.katex-display.leqno>.katex>.katex-html>.katex-tag{left:0;right:auto}.katex-display.fleqn>.katex{text-align:left;padding-left:2em}body{counter-reset:katexEqnNo mmlEqnNo}